نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری
سال دهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 22، پاییز 1402)

Nowadays, due to the increasing problems of cities due to the increasing expansion of urbanization, the application of new approaches in urban planning in order to achieve sustainable development is an inevitable necessity. In this regard, one of the effective approaches to the sustainable development of cities has been planning to make them smarter. Given the importance of the smart approach in planning cities today, the purpose of this study is to presentation of a smart city development model with emphasis on the characteristics of education city in Ghaen city. Therefore, the research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in nature which in order to analyze the data, has been used structural equation modeling method in AMOS software. It is noteworthy that the statistical population of the study includes academic elites and Ghaen city managers and due to the uncertainty of the number of statistical population, through Cohen's formula at the 95% confidence level, 90 people have been selected as the sample size. Findings show that the most important variables affecting the feasibility of smart city in Ghaen city are smart management, smart environment, smart citizen, smart economy, smart mobility and smart life, which have an impact rate based on the structural model are calculated 0.89, 0.81 0, 0.73, 0.65, 0.58 and 0.52. The results also indicate that the education approach (educator city) can play a pivotal role in achieving the indicators of Ghaen smart city through planning in three dimensions of educational facilities, urban environment and citizens. In this regard, it can be said that about 64% of the realization of Ghaen smart city is explained by the existence and realization of the indicators of the city of education.

With the continuation of the process of urban population domination and physical expansion of Isfahan metropolis in recent years and economic, environmental, managerial challenges, as well as many pressures on the city, Urban intelligence is a solution proposed by urban innovators and researchers that can be used as a suitable approach to solve the current challenges of urbanization and the optimal performance of the city. Due to this important, the purpose of this study is to prioritize the indicators affecting the realization of urban intelligence and ranking areas compared to these indicators in the city of Isfahan. The type of research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and its method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The statistical population of the study consists of experts in the field of urban planning (Urban Services Organization, Urban Planning and Architecture, Urban Transport, ICT, Planning and Human Development, and municipalities of 15 regions, etc.) and using snowball method, 50 people were selected as the sample. The information required for the research was obtained by studying library-documentary sources and field studies and AHP method was used to analyze the information. The results show that the index of improving urban pollution with a coefficient of 0.41 was the first priority and the index of citizens' trust in service-oriented organizations was 0.024 as the last priority. Also, regions 5 and 6 are ranked first in relation to the desired indicators, and regions 14 and11 are ranked last. Finally, suggestions have been made to improve the situation of the regions in relation to the desired indicators.

Brownfields refer to deserted unused areas where redevelopment seems to be impossible due to the environmental pollution. Hence, this essay tries to address the planning of redevelopment of such fields in Mashhad’s Abkooh Sugar Factory. This 28.5 Hectare factory is built in northwest of Mashhad and in the vicinity of district 4 of municipality of zone 2 adjacent to Qaem Freeway and Mahad-Ghoochan road. Adopting a descriptive- analytic methodology, we firstly examine the Outreach areas and the operative system of the existent and required activities of the area. Then we had semi-structured interviews with 12 expert knowing all about the area to present some suggestions according to the theoretical and documental discoveries. This was done to find the optimal option amongst all the proposed ones. The proposed options were mostly presented and assessed based on the combination of several compatible uses. This was aimed to appropriately use the considerable extent of the area. Finally, the expert agreed on 7 options to be established in the area. Then four basic criteria (city construction, تحقق پذیری, economy and identity) for assessing the uses have been taken into account. Each criterion consists of some sub criteria. In this stage, 15 questionnaires were designed and delivered to other experts to evaluate the criteria and proposed options. The results gained in AHP framework showed that the first priority is to construct a commercial-administrative center and in the next place is the building and opening of some tourist attractions.

Today, housing and related issues are global issues that planners and policymakers in different countries seek to solve related problems. Most governments, in response to the importance of housing, use housing planning in the form of national regional and urban planning. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative issues of housing is done through a tool that is presented in the form of variables called housing indicators and express different economic, socio-cultural and physical dimensions of housing.Housing indicators not only as a descriptive tool to express the current housing situation in various dimensions.The aim of the present study is to examine the situation of housing index in the regions The city of Mashhad and their prioritization based on these indicators and providing solutions provided a suitable platform for equality and justice between different areas of the city of Mashhad. The statistical population of the study consists of the total number of households in Mashhad in 2020 to 930785 households. The sample size using the Cochran's formula is 384 items for data collection by library and field methods and for data analysis by aras technique. The results of the research based on Shannon entropy technique showed that in quantitative indicators, the household dimension criterion, in quality indicators, the criterion of housing units' access to shopping centers, and in economic indicators, the percentage of rent to total household expenditure were the most important criteria. On the other hand, the results of the research using the aras technique indicate that the 17 districts of Mashhad are not in equal conditions in terms of quantitative, qualitative and economic indicators of housing and are classified into three desirable levels: semi-desirable and undesirable.

Human behavior plays a major role in the creating and persistence of various environmental problems. Proposed models for modifying behavioral patterns emphasize a component called motivation, which is the primary basis for sustainable decisions. Given the housing importance in sustainable development, new patterns of life in communal housing, and designers' emphasis on privacy in spatial arrangements, the present study aims to investigate the impact of territorial behavior on strengthening behavioral motivations in achieving sustainability. For this purpose, first, the configuration patterns and order of the interior space of housing were examined syntactically, and then the research hypothesis was tested by distributing 516 questionnaires. Observations showed that contemporary housing has two central and axial patterns that the spatial value of public, semi-public, and private realms has different syntactic features in each of them. In the central pattern, public arenas have higher integrity, visibility, permeability, and usability; while in axial patterns, they have more spatial separations and higher usability in private areas. In addition to syntactic analysis, the analysis of variance test also confirmed the difference in territory behavior between residents of the two mentioned models. The results confirmed the positive relationship between spatial configuration, territory, and motivation of sustainable behaviors, and showed that central oriented design and strengthening of spatial stimuli for the use of collective spaces, can predict 28% of motivation of sustainable behaviors. While having a behavioral intent in sustainability is 29% predictive of motivation, territory and spatial configuration with 28% predictability will be an important and controllable factor.

The present study is an interdisciplinary study and has investigated the type and extent of the impact of different urban land use on the quality of surface runoff. The purpose of this study was to create a practical relationship to estimate the quality of urban runoff through different types of urban land uses. The data collection tools in this study were documents, documents, field observation and sampling and their laboratory measurement. After field study and initial sampling in area six and concluding that there is a direct relationship between land use and runoff quality, three metropolitan sub-basins were selected and then each of these sub-basins was divided into more detailed cumulative sub-basins. So that the exit points of each sub-basin was the entry point of the next sub-basin downstream. For the main sampling, which was performed in three simultaneous shifts with three rainfalls, the impact and changes in urban land use were emphasized. The results show a close correlation between urban land use and runoff quality categories and changes in the amount of runoff quality parameters in specific land uses indicate that demographic characteristics and land use are the main sources of urban runoff pollution. According to the results of this study, the risk of lead in Tehran urban runoff with its cumulative trend is one of the most difficult and important pollutants that should be considered in the quantitative and qualitative management of urban runoff and its reuse. Also, the layout and use of urban lands is the most important indicator affecting the quality of urban runoff and there is a need to implement proper programs to control changes in urban land use in maintaining the balance of the aquatic ecosystem.

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the spatial expansion and develop scenarios related to the future development of the city of Mahabad, considering the role of commercial activities in the physical field. This research is considered to be applied from the point of view of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The method of data collection is document-survey and Micmac and Scenario Vizard software were used in data analysis. The results obtained from the entropy calculation show that the physical growth of the city was scattered and non-dense. Also, the result of Heldren's model shows that 48% of city growth is due to population and 52% of city growth is related to horizontal growth and dispersion. In the research process, the most important primary and driving factors related to the future spatial expansion of Mahabad city were identified with an emphasis on the commercial activities of the city, and then according to the importance of drivers and their uncertainty in three cases, 1- (combined use and growth) smart city); 2- Spatial expansion of the city with the same current trend (linear shape) and 3- (Spatial expansion of the city in the form of scattered development in all directions of the city) scenarios were compiled for the city of Mahabad. And in the second step, mixed use and smart urban growth were introduced as the most suitable scenario of Mahabad city, which requires the formulation of strategies, policies and operational plans in line with urban sustainability.

Interpretive structural modeling of urban furniture with the aim of reducing urban vandalism behaviors. The importance of urban furniture in many cities of the country is considered as one of the important topics of urban planners and beautifiers. Sufficient attention to elements such as proper design, dimensions, proper placement and monitoring, etc., can be effective in reducing destructive behaviors. For this purpose, with the aim of better identifying these elements, this research has tried to design a suitable model in this regard and provide it to urban planners and beautifiers. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research in the Delphi section and in order to achieve the necessary theoretical saturation was 11 experts from among academic experts and officials of the Semnan urban beautification organization, and for the model test in a larger statistical sample, there were 386 people over 18 years old living in Semnan. People were selected. The necessary data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire tool, and the interpretive structural modeling technique was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that the elements affecting urban furniture include 4 main dimensions of design, supervision, psychological factors and proper placement with 16 components. In the interpretive structural modeling section, it was also determined that the induction of a sense of belonging is the most effective factor, and the factors of form, fit with needs, warning alert, quick fix of defects, harmony with the environment, response to needs and ease of use are the most effective.